Isaiah 41:8-9,

But you, O Israel, My servant, Jacob, you whom I have chosen, offspring of Abraham who loved Me – 9. you whom I shall grasp from the ends of the earn and shall summon from among all its noblemen, and to whom I shall say, ‘You are my servant’ – I have chosen you and not rejected you.

Isaiah 44:1,

But hear now, Jacob, My servant, and Israel, whom I have chosen!

Isaiah 44:21,

Remember these things, Jacob and Israel, for you are My servant: I fashioned you to be My servant; Israel, do not forget Me!

Isaiah 45:4,

for the sake of My servant Jacob and Israel, My chosen one; I have proclaimed you by name; I dubbed you, though you did not know Me.

Isaiah 48:20,

Go forth from Babylonia; hurry from Chaldea. With glad song relate, announce this; bring forth [the message] to the ends of the earth; say, ‘HASHEM has redeemed His secant Jacob.’

Isaiah 49:3,

He said to me: «You are My servant, Israel, in whom I take glory.»

Isaiah 52:13-53:12,

52:13. Behold, My servant* will succeed; he will be exalted and become high and exceedingly lofty. 14. Just as multitudes were astonished over you, [saying,] ‘His appearance is too marred to be a man’s, and his visage to be human,’ 15.  so will the many nations exclaim about him,* and kings will shut their mouths [in amazement], for they will see that which had never been told to them, and will perceive things they had never heard. 53:1. Who would believe what we have heard!* For whom has the arm of HASHEM been revealed! 2. Formerly he grew like a sapling or like a root from arid ground; he had neither form nor grandeur; we say him, but without such visage that we could desire him. 3. He was despised and isolated from men, a man of pains and accustomed to illness. As one from whom we would hide our faces; he was despised, and we had no regard for him. 4. But in truth, it was our ills that he bore, and our pains that he carried – but we had regarded him diseased, stricken by God, and afflicted! 5. He was pained because of our rebellious sins and oppressed through our iniquities; the chastisement upon him was for our benefit,* and through his wounds, we were healed. 6. We have all strayed like sheep, each of us turning his own way, and HASHEM inflicted upon him the iniquity of us all.* 7. He was persecuted and afflicted, but he did not open his mouth; like a sheep being led to the slaughter or a ewe that is silent before her shearers, he did not open his mouth. 8. Now that he has been released from captivity and judgment, who could have imagined such a generation? For he had been removed from the land of the living, an affliction upon them that was my people’s sin.* 9. He submitted himself to his grave like wicked men; and the wealthy [submitted] to his executions, for committing no crime and with no deceit in his mouth.*

10. HASHEM desired to oppress him* and He afflicted him; if his soul would acknowledge guilt, he would see offspring and live long days and the desire of HASHEM would succeed in his hand. 11. He would see [the purpose] and be satisfied with his soul’s distress. With his knowledge My servant will vindicate the Righteous One to multitudes;* it is their iniquities that he will carry. 12. Therefore, I will assign him a portion from the multitudes and he will divide the might as soils – in return for having poured out his soul for death and being counted among the wicked, for he bore the sin of the multitudes, and prayed for the wicked.*

* 52:13, Behold, My servant – I.e., God’s servant, the people of Israel (Rashi). (Stone Tanakh)

* 52:15, so will the many nations exclaim about him – Just as Israel had once been astonishingly degraded, so it will astonish the nations by its exaltedness when the time of redemption arrives. (Stone Tanakh)

* 53:1-3, Who would believe what we have heard! – This is a prophecy foretelling what the nations and their kings will exclaim when they witness Israel’s rejuvenation. The nations will contrast their former scornful attitude toward the Jew (vv. 1-3) with their new realization of Israel’s grandeur (vv. 4-7). (Stone Tanakh)

* 53:5, the chastisement upon him was for our benefit – We brought suffering upon Israel for our own selfish purposes; it was not, as we had claimed, that God was punishing Israel for its own evil behavior. (Stone Tanakh)

* 53:6, and HASHEM inflicted upon him the iniquity of us all – We sinned by inflicting punishment upon Israel. Such oppression is often describes as «HASHEM’s punishment» (see 10:5, Habakkuk 1:12), for He decreed that it should happen (Abarbanel). (Stone Tanakh)

* 53:8, an affliction upon them that was my people’s sin – When Israel’s exile is finally ended, the nations will marvel that such a generation could have survived the expulsion from «the land of the living,» i.e., the Land of Israel, that the nations had sinfully inflicted upon it.

* 53:9, for committing no crime and with no deceit in his mouth – Ordinary Jews chose to die like common criminals, rather than renounce their faith; and wealthy Jews were killed for no reason other than to enable their wicked conquerors to confiscate their riches (Radak). (Stone Tanakh)

* 53:10, HASHEM desired to oppress him and He afflicted him – That is, Israel. God replies to the nations that Israel’s suffering was a punishment for its own sins; and when the people realize this and repent, they will be redeemed and rewarded. (Stone Tanakh)

* 53:11, With this knowledge My servant will vindicate the Righteous One to multitudes – Israel will teach the nations of God’s righteousness. (Stone Tanakh)

* 53:12, and prayed for the wicked – In exile, Jews prayed for the welfare of their host nations. (Stone Tanakh)

R. Tovia Singer, The Rabbinic Interpretation of Isaiah 53

Origen, Contra Celsum, – «[Isaiah 53] bore reference to the whole [Jewish] people, regarded as one individual, and as being in a state of dispersion and suffering, in order that many proselytes might be gained, on account of the dispersion of the Jews among numerous heathen nations.»